Optimal Wire Myography Normalization for the Rat Dorsal Penile, Internal Pudendal and Internal Iliac Arteries.

In functional arterial studies using wire myography, the determination of a vessel's standardized normalization factor (factor k) is an essential step to ensure optimal contraction and relaxation by the arteries when stimulated with their respective vasoactive agents and to obtain reproducible results. The optimal factor k for several arteries have been determined, however, the optimal initial tension and factor k for the arteries involved in erection remains unknown. Hence, in the present study we set out to determine the optimal factor k for the internal iliac artery, proximal and distal internal pudendal artery (IPA), and dorsal penile artery. After isolating, harvesting, and mounting the arteries from male Sprague-Dawley rats on a multi wire myograph, we tested arterial responsivity to high K+-stimulation when the factor k was set at 0.7, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95, 1.0, 1.1, and 1.2 to determine the factor k setting that results in the greatest K+-induced active force production for each vessel type. The data showed the optimal factor k is 0.90-0.95 for the dorsal penile, distal internal pudendal and internal iliac arteries while it is 0.85-0.90 for proximal internal pudendal artery. These optimal values corresponded to initial passive tension settings of 1.10±0.16 - 1.46±0.23, 1.28±0.20 - 1.69±0.34, 1.03±0.27 - 1.33±0.31, and 1.33±0.31 - 1.77±0.43 mN/mm for the dorsal penile, distal IP, proximal IP, and internal iliac arteries, respectively.

Traumatic injuries in primary dentition and their immediate and long-term consequences: a 10-year retrospective study from the State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Dental trauma is a highly prevalent problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to describe characteristics of trauma to anterior primary teeth and its sequelae for primary and successor teeth over a 10-year period of assistance at the paediatric dental traumatology clinic in the State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data were obtained from the dental records of children assisted from 2006 to 2016. Inclusion criteria were trauma to anterior primary teeth; aged <1 to 9 years at the time of trauma; and at least one follow-up appointment. The data concerning traumatized teeth, child's age, soft tissue injuries, types of traumatic dental injuries and sequelae in both dentitions were collected. RESULTS: Of the 1230 dental records, 483 (39.3%) were eligible, consisting of 815 teeth. The mean age at the time of trauma was 37.4 months (239 males and 244 females). The most important characteristics were: tooth 51 was most affected; falls, at home, on a ceramic floor, were the main cause; gingival laceration, enamel fracture and intrusive luxation were the most frequent types of trauma; premature tooth loss of primary teeth and enamel discoloration in their successor were the most frequent sequelae; and injuries in the periodontal tissue were demonstrated as the highest risk for sequelae in successors (OR, 3.798; p< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Most traumatic injuries occur in young children, in their home environment. Consequences for the primary teeth were more frequent compared to the permanent successor tooth. Traumatized primary teeth involving periodontal tissue have more chances to result in sequelae to their successor teeth.

Influence of Bulk-fill Restoration on Polymerization Shrinkage Stress and Marginal Gap Formation in Class V Restorations.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Restoring Class V cavities with a regular bulk-fill composite presents a more favorable biomechanical behavior than restoring with a regular nano-filled composite.

Clinical Evaluation of Noncarious Cervical Lesions of Different Extensions Restored With Bulk-fill or Conventional Resin Composite: Preliminary Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

PURPOSE: This randomized clinical trial evaluated the influence of the occlusogingival distance (OGD) of noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs) on the clinical performance of a regular bulk-fill resin composite and a regular nanofilled resin composite. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 140 restorations were randomly placed in 77 participants by one operator. NCCLs were divided into four groups (n=35) according to OGD (1.5 mm±10% or 3 mm±10%) and resin composites (Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior [B] or Filtek Z350 XT [C]) used: 1.5 mm-B, 1.5 mm-C, 3 mm-B, and 3 mm-C. A two-step self-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond) was applied following manufacturer instructions in all restorative procedures. Restorations were polished 1 week after placement. Clinical evaluation was performed at baseline (7 days), 6 months, and 1 year by two calibrated examiners, according to the modified US Public Health Service criteria evaluating fractures/retention, marginal staining, marginal adaptation, recurrence of caries, anatomic form, postoperative sensitivity, and surface texture. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for intergroup comparison in each follow-up; the Friedman analysis of variance, followed by the least significant difference test (multiple comparisons) was used for intragroup comparison between baseline and follow-up times (α=0.05). RESULTS: Two restorations were lost at 12 months (1 for 1.5 mm-B and 1 for 3 mm-B). The retention rates at 12 months were 100% for 1.5 mm-C, 97% for 1.5 mm-B, 100% for 3 mm-C; and 97% for 3 mm-B, with no statistical difference among the groups (p=0.570). At 12 months, a statistically significant difference was found among the follow-up times for the same group (1.5 mm-B, 1.5 mm-C, and 3 mm-B) regarding the marginal staining criterion; moreover, the 3 mm-C group showed a significant difference from 6 months. No significant difference was found for the other parameters. CONCLUSION: Both resin composites showed acceptable clinical performance, and the OGD of NCCLs did not influence the clinical performance of resin composite restorations after 12 months.

Frequency of antibodies against Besnoitia besnoiti in Brazilian cattle.

Besnoitia besnoiti is a cyst-forming parasite that has been associated with economic losses in Africa and Europe. Besnoitiosis is considered as a re-emergent disease in the European continent. It is unknown whether cattle are exposed to B. besnoiti in the Americas, thus the aim of this study was to serologically investigate antibodies against B. besnoiti in a total of 2014 cattle serum samples from two states from Brazil. All samples were evaluated by IFAT and part of the positive sera was tested by Western blot (WB) using tachyzoites extracts under non-reducing condition. A total of 3.48% (70/2014) of the tested sera reacted positively by IFAT with titers of 200 (85.7%), 400 (10%) and 800 (4.3%). When 47 positive samples were assessed by WB a range of antigens from 7 to 206 kDa was recognized by the IFAT-positive sera. The results are suggestive of exposure of Brazilian cattle to B. besnoiti due to the titers (≥ 200) observed for some sera using IFAT. However, the antigens recognized by the IFAT-positive animals did not completely match with the WB patterns previously described by other working groups. It is possible that Brazilian cattle are exposed to B. besnoiti strains with different antigenic composition of those described in the European and African continent. Further studies are needed to confirm the presence of B. besnoiti or other Besnoitia species in Brazilian cattle.

Risk of infection in Central Venous Catheter: review study to nursing care / Risco de infecção no Cateter Venoso Central - revisão da literatura

Problem: The use of central venous catheters in intensive care units has been identified as an important risk factor for infection in the bloodstream. Objective: To examine the evidence in the literature about the indications and uses of central venous catheter insertion, the risk of infection, the professional conduct in relation to safe practices related to this type of device. Methods: Narrative review, which assesses the risk of infection in central venous catheters in intensive care units; by bibliographic study in database of BVS, in the time gap from 2005 to 2010 using the keywords: infection, intensive care unit , central venous catheterization and nursing care. Results: The analysis identified 03 thematic units: 1. Complications associated with central venous catheter, which evaluates the evidence from a framework of systemic infection where vascular access is implicated as a possible source, and lists the factors that influence the onset of complications associated; 2. Adoption of the correct technique of catheter-related coverage, which recommends to use the coverage appropriate to prevent skin toxicity, and increases patient comfort and satisfaction, besides attention to time of the use and signs of inflammation, 3. Realization of safe practices for the maintenance of the catheter, involving the manipulation control and use of protocols. Conclusion: We conclude that the quality of care for patients with this device is directly related to controlling the risks of infection; where efforts, not only the nurse, but the health team will be enable the application of evidence to guide a safe clinical practice and contribute to improving the quality of health care and nursing.

Problema: A utilização de Cateteres Venosos Central em Unidades de terapia intensiva tem sido apontada como importante fator de risco para infecção na corrente sanguínea. Objetivo: examinar as evidências encontradas na literatura sobre as indicações e formas de utilização do Cateter venoso central, sua inserção, o risco de infecção, as condutas profissionais em relação as práticas seguras relacionados a este tipo de dispositivo. Metodologia: Revisão narrativa, que avalia o risco de infecção em Cateteres Venosos Central em Unidades de terapia intensiva; de cunho bibliográfico realizado nas bases de dados da BVS, no hiato temporal de 2005 a 2010, utilizando os descritores: infecção, centro de terapia intensiva, cateterismo venoso central e cuidados de enfermagem. Resultados: A análise dos resultados permitiu identificar 03 unidades temáticas: 1. Complicações inerentes ao cateter venoso central; que avalia as evidências a partir de um quadro de infecção sistêmica no qual o acesso vascular é implicado como possível fonte; relaciona os fatores que influenciam no aparecimento de complicações associadas; 2. Adoção da técnica correta relacionada a cobertura do cateter, que recomenda a utilização de cobertura e trocas adequadas para prevenir a toxicidade cutânea, e aumenta a satisfação e o conforto do paciente; além de estar atento ao tempo de utilização e sinais flogísticos; 3. Realização de práticas seguras para a manutenção do cateter, onde identificamos que as práticas seguras para a manutenção do Cateter envolvem o controle na manipulação e o uso de protocolos. Conclusão: Conclui que a qualidade da assistência à pacientes com este dispositivo está diretamente relacionada ao controle dos riscos de infecção; onde esforços, não somente da enfermeira, mas de toda a equipe de saúde envolvida a fim de viabilizar a aplicação das evidências para nortear uma prática clínica segura que contribua para a melhoria da qualidade da assistência à saúde e de enfermagem.

Anti-inflammatory, analgesic activity and acute toxicity of Sida cordifolia L. (Malva-branca).

Sida cordifolia L. (Malvaceae) is used in folk medicine for the treatment of inflammation of the oral mucosa, blenorrhea, asthmatic bronchitis and nasal congestion. The anti-inflammatory, analgesic effects and acute toxicity of an aqueous extract of S. cordifolia were evaluated in animal models. The extract was prepared using leaves collected before the flowering period. The aqueous extract (AE) showed a significant inhibition of carrageenin-induced rat paw edema at a dose of 400 mg/kg administered orally, but did not block the edema induced by arachidonic acid. The AE also increased the latency period for mice in the hot plate test, and inhibited the number of writhes produced by acetic acid at the oral dose of 400 mg/kg. The aqueous extract of S. cordifolia showed low acute toxicity in mice.

CT identification of ascaris in the biliary tract.

Ascariasis is one of the most common helminthic diseases worldwide. The presence of this worm in the biliary tree causes biliary colic, recurrent pyogenic cholangitis, pancreatitis, hepatic abscesses, and septicemia. The diagnosis of biliary ascariasis is usually made by ultrasound (US). We report the computerized-tomography (CT) aspects that allowed the identification of ascaris in the biliary tract in two patients.